Definition of Stress, Mass Stress, Strain, Extension, Tenacity & Tensile Strength

In Textile Industry and Institutes there are some basic terms that are much related to Textile Physics and Textile Materials in various sections. These are-

Stress of Textile Materials

Stress is the force applied on a Textile specimen in a mentioned cross-sectional area. Mathematically stress equals to Force Applied divided by Cross-sectional area. The Unit of Stress is Dyne/cm square or N/cm square.

Specific Stress or Mass Stress of Textiles

Specific stress is the force applied on a  textiles specimen in a linear density. Mathematically specific stress equals to force applied divided by Linear Density. The unit of specific stress is Dyne/denier or GM-WT/Tex. In case of Textile Fiber, the cross section is not circular all through the length. So, linear density (wt/unit length or length/unit wt) is appropriate to express the ration of force and area. i.e. stress.

Strain of Textile Materials

Strain is the term used to related the stretch or elongation with the initial length of textile material. Mathematically strain equals to elongation divided b  initial length of textile fiber.

Extension & Extension Percentage

It is the ratio of elongation and initial length per hundred; that is the expression of strain in percentage is known as extension. Extension equals to elongation divided by initial length multiplied by 100.

Breaking Strength of Textile Materials

The maximum tensile force or stress recorded in extending as breaking strength of the specimen. Breaking strength equals to stress at break.

Tenacity of Textiles

The maximum specific stress recorded in extending a textile specimen to breaking pint is known as tenacity of the specimen (textile fiber or yarn). Thus, tenacity equals to specific stress at break.

Tensile Strength of Textile Specimen

The stress at the moment of rupture is known as tensile strength. It is experienced that tensile strength is higher than breaking strength.

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